Ngokucindezela okushisayo, ukulandelana okulawulwayo kwengcindezi nokushisa kuyasetshenziswa. Imvamisa, ingcindezi isetshenziswa ngemuva kokufudumala okuthile ngoba ukufaka ingcindezi emazingeni okushisa aphansi kungaba nemiphumela emibi engxenyeni nasekusebenziseni amathuluzi. Ukushisa okushisayo okushisayo kungamakhulu ama-degree angaphansi kwamazinga okushisa okuvamile. Futhi ukucindezela okugcwele ngokuphelele kwenzeka ngokushesha. Ijubane lenqubo kanye namazinga okushisa aphansi adingekayo ngokwemvelo anciphisa inani lokukhula kokusanhlamvu.
Indlela ehambisanayo, i-spark sintering ye-plasma (SPS), inikeza enye indlela yezindlela zokushisa eziphikisayo nezingahambisi ngaphandle. Ku-SPS, isampula, uqobo oluyimpuphu noma ingxenye eluhlaza esetshenzisiwe, ilayishwa ku-graphite die ngezibhakela ze-graphite ekamelweni elinomshini futhi i-DC eshisiwe isetshenziswa kuzo zonke izibhakela, njengoba kukhonjisiwe ku-Figure 5.35b, ngenkathi kusetshenziswa ingcindezi. Okwamanje kubangela ukushisa kweJoule, okukhuphula izinga lokushisa lesifanekiso ngokushesha. Okwamanje kukholakala ukuthi kubangela ukwakheka kweplasma noma inhlansi esikhaleni se-pore phakathi kwezinhlayiya, ezinomphumela wokuhlanza indawo yezinhlayiyana nokwenza ngcono ukugcoba. Ukwakheka kwe-plasma kunzima ukukuqinisekisa ngokuhlolwa futhi kuyisihloko esingaphansi kwempikiswano. Indlela ye-SPS ikhonjiswe ukuthi iyasebenza kakhulu ekucingeni izinto ezahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi izinsimbi nobumba. Ukuxinana kwenzeka emazingeni okushisa aphansi futhi kuqedwa ngokushesha okukhulu kunezinye izindlela, okuvame ukuholela ekwakhiweni kokudla okusanhlamvu okuhle.
Ukucindezela Okushisayo kwe-Isostatic (HIP). Ukucindezela okushisayo kwe-isostatic kungukusetshenziswa ngasikhathi sinye kokushisa nengcindezi ye-hydrostatic yokuhlanganisa nokuqinisa i-powder compact noma ingxenye. Le nqubo ifana nokucindezela okubandayo kwe-isostatic, kepha ngokushisa okuphezulu negesi ehambisa ingcindezi engxenyeni. Amagesi we-inert afana ne-argon ajwayelekile. I-powder iqinisiwe esitsheni noma ekanini, esebenza njengesithiyo esikhubazekayo phakathi kwegesi elinengcindezi nengxenye. Ngenye indlela, ingxenye ehlanganisiwe yanikezwa kuze kube sekuvalweni kwepore ingafakwa i-HIPed ngenqubo "engenazinto". I-HIP isetshenziselwa ukufeza ukuqina ngokuphelele ku-powder metallurgy. kanye nokucubungula kwe-ceramic, kanye nokusetshenziswa okuthile ekuqiniseni kwe-castings. Le ndlela ibaluleke kakhulu ekuqiniseni izinto, njengama-alloys aphikisayo, ama-superalloys, ne-nonoxide ceramics.
Isitsha nobuchwepheshe be-encapsulation kubalulekile enqubeni ye-HIP. Iziqukathi ezilula, ezinjengamathini wensimbi eyi-cylindrical, zisetshenziselwa ukuminyana amabhilidi we-alloy powder. Ubujamo obuyinkimbinkimbi benziwa kusetshenziswa iziqukathi ezibonisa ingxenye yokugcina yamajometri. Okuqukethwe kwesiqukathi kukhethwa ukuthi kuvuze futhi kuqineke ngaphansi kwengcindezi nezimo zokushisa kwenqubo ye-HIP. Izinto zesitsha kufanele futhi zingasebenzi ne-powder futhi zisuswe kalula. Okwe-metallurgy yempuphu, iziqukathi ezifakwe emashidini ensimbi zivamile. Ezinye izinketho zifaka ingilazi nezimbumbulu ezifakwe ngaphakathi kwethini lensimbi lesibili. Ukufakwa kwengilazi kwempuphu nezingxenye ezenziwe ngaphambilini kuvamile kuzinqubo ze-Ceramic HIP. Ukugcwaliswa nokukhishwa kwesitsha kuyisinyathelo esibalulekile esivame ukudinga ukulungiswa okukhethekile esitsheni uqobo. Ezinye izinqubo zokuphuma zenzeka emazingeni okushisa aphakeme.
Izinto ezisemqoka zohlelo lwe-HIP yizikebhe zokucindezela ezinama-heater, ukucindezela igesi nokuhambisa imishini, nokulawula i-electronics. Umdwebo 5.36 ukhombisa isibonelo sokuhlelwa kokusetha kwe-HIP. Kunezindlela ezimbili eziyisisekelo zokusebenza kwenqubo ye-HIP. Kumodi yokulayisha eshisayo, isitsha sifudunyezwa ngaphandle kwesitsha sengcindezi bese siyalayishwa, sishisiswe ezingeni lokushisa elidingekayo bese sicindezelwa. Kumodi ebandayo yokulayisha, isitsha sifakwa emkhunjini wokucindezela ekamelweni lokushisa; bese kuqala umjikelezo wokushisa nokucindezela. Ingcindezi ebangeni lama-20-300 MPa kanye nezinga lokushisa ebangeni lama-500-2000 ° C kuvamile.
Isikhathi Iposi: Nov-17-2020